Ubume obusisiseko kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza wemodyuli yekhamera

Isakhiwo esisisiseko semodyuli yekhamera

I. Ubume bekhamera kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza

Indawo idutshulwa nge-lens, umfanekiso owenziweyo owenziweyo uqikelelwa kwi-sensor, emva koko umfanekiso we-optical uguqulwa ube ngumqondiso wombane, oguqulwa ube ngumqondiso wedijithali ngokuguqulwa kwe-analog-to-digital.Isiginali yedijithali icutshungulwa yi-DSP kwaye emva koko ithunyelwe kwikhompyuter ukuze iqhutywe, kwaye ekugqibeleni iguqulwe ibe ngumfanekiso onokubonwa kwisikrini sefowuni.

Umsebenzi we-chip yedijithali yokusetyenzwa komqondiso (i-DSP): khulisa iiparamitha zomqondiso wedijithali ngothotho lweealgorithms zemathematika ezintsonkothileyo, kwaye udlulisele imiqondiso esetyenzisiweyo kwiiPC nakwezinye izixhobo nge-USB kunye nolunye ujongano.Isakhelo sesakhelo se-DSP:
1, ISP(iprosesa yomqondiso womfanekiso)
1. ISP (iprosesa yomqondiso womfanekiso)
2, iJPEG encoder
2. JPEG encoder
3, isilawuli sesixhobo se-USB
3. Umlawuli wesixhobo se-USB

Kukho iindidi ezimbini zezivamvo zekhamera eziqhelekileyo,

Enye yiCCD (Isixhobo se-Chagre Couled), oko kukuthi, isixhobo esidityanisiweyo sokutshaja.
Enye yi-CMOS (i-Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) inzwa, oko kukuthi, isemiconductor yentsimbi encedisayo.
Inzuzo yeCCD ilele kumgangatho omhle wokucinga, kodwa inkqubo yokuvelisa inzima, ixabiso liphezulu, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuphezulu.Kwisisombululo esifanayo, i-CMOS inexabiso eliphantsi kuneCCD, kodwa umgangatho womfanekiso ungaphantsi kweCCD.Xa kuthelekiswa neCCD, inzwa yomfanekiso weCMOS inokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi.Ukongeza, ngokuhambela phambili kwetekhnoloji yenkqubo, umgangatho wemifanekiso ye-CMOS nawo uphuculwe ngokuqhubekayo.Ke ngoko, iikhamera zangoku zefowuni eziphathwayo kwimarike zonke zisebenzisa izinzwa zeCMOS.

Isakhiwo esilula sekhamera yefowuni ephathwayo
Ilensi: qokelela ukukhanya kwaye wenze imbonakalo yembonakalo kumphezulu wesixhobo somfanekiso.
Isivamvo somfanekiso: Isixhobo somfanekiso, esiguqula umfanekiso (umqondiso wokukhanya) oqikelelwe yilensi kumphezulu ube ngumqondiso wombane.
I-Motor: iqhuba ukuhamba kwe-lens, ukwenzela ukuba iprojekthi ye-lens umfanekiso ocacileyo phezu kwendawo yokucinga.
Isihluzi sombala: Indawo ebonwa liliso lomntu ikwibhendi yokukhanya ebonakalayo, kwaye inzwa yomfanekiso inokubona ibhendi yokukhanya ngaphezulu kweliso lomntu.Ke ngoko, isihluzi sombala siyongezwa ukucoca ibhendi yokukhanya okungaphezulu, ukuze isivamvo somfanekiso sibambe izigcawu ezibonwa ngamehlo.
I-Motor drive chip: isetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuhamba kwemoto kunye nokuqhuba ilensi ukufezekisa i-autofocus.
I-substrate yebhodi yesekethe: Dlulisa umqondiso wombane wenzwa yomfanekiso ukuya ekupheleni ngasemva.
II.Iiparamitha ezinxulumeneyo kunye nezibizo
1. Iifomati zemifanekiso eqhelekileyo
1.1 ifomathi yeRGB:
Ifomati yemveli ebomvu, eluhlaza kunye neblue, njenge-RGB565 kunye ne-RGB888;ifomati yedatha ye-16-bit yi-5-bit R + 6-bit G + 5-bit B. G inesuntswana enye ngakumbi kuba amehlo abantu anovakalelo kuluhlaza.
1.2 ifomathi ye-YUV:
Luma (Y) + chroma (UV) ifomathi.I-YUV ibhekisa kwifomathi ye-pixel apho iparamitha yokukhanya kunye ne-chrominance iparamitha zibonakaliswa ngokwahlukeneyo.Inzuzo yolu lwahlulo kukuba ayithinteli nje ukuphazamisana, kodwa ikwanciphisa izinga lesampulu yechroma ngaphandle kokuchaphazela umgangatho womfanekiso kakhulu.I-YUV ligama eliqhelekileyo.Ngolungiselelo lwalo oluthile, lunokwahlulwa lube ziifomathi ezininzi.
I-Chroma (UV) ichaza imiba emibini yombala: i-hue kunye ne-saturation, emelwe yi-CB kunye ne-CR ngokulandelanayo.Phakathi kwabo, i-Cr ibonisa umahluko phakathi kwenxalenye ebomvu ye-RGB ye-input signal kunye nexabiso lokukhanya kwesignali ye-RGB, ngelixa i-Cb ibonisa umahluko phakathi kwenxalenye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ye-RGB yokufaka igalelo kunye nexabiso elikhanyayo lomqondiso we-RGB.
Iifomathi eziphambili zesampulu zezi YCbCr 4:2:0, YCbCr 4:2:2, YCbCr 4:1:1 kunye neYCbCr 4:4:4 .
1.3 ifomathi yedatha RAW:
Umfanekiso we-RAW yidatha ekrwada apho i-CMOS okanye i-CCD inzwa yomfanekiso iguqulela isignali yomthombo wokukhanya ebanjwe kwisignali yedijithali.Ifayile ye-RAW yifayile erekhoda ulwazi lwangaphambili lwe-sensor yekhamera yedijithali kunye nenye imethadatha (efana nezicwangciso ze-ISO, isivinini se-shutter, ixabiso lokuvula, ibhalansi emhlophe, njl.) eyenziwa yikhamera.I-RAW yifomathi engakhange icutshungulwe kwaye ingaxinzelelwanga kwaye inokuthi icingelwe “njengedatha yekhowudi yomfanekiso okrwada” okanye ngokucacileyo ebizwa ngokuba “yidigital negative”.Iphikseli nganye yenzwa ihambelana nesihluzo sombala, kwaye izihluzi zisasazwa ngokwepateni yeBayer.Idatha yepixel nganye iphuma ngokuthe ngqo, oko kukuthi idatha ye-RAW RGB
Idatha ekrwada (iRaw RGB) iba yiRGB emva kokutshintshwa kombala.

Umzekelo wefomathi yeRAW
2. Izalathi zobugcisa ezinxulumeneyo
2.1 Isisombululo somfanekiso:
SXGA (1280 x1024), 1.3 megapixels
XGA (1024 x768), 0.8 megapixels
SVGA (800 x600), 0.5 megapixels
VGA (640x480), 0.3 megapixels (0.35 megapixels ibhekisa ku648X488)
CIF(352x288), 0.1 megapixels
SIF/QVGA(320x240)
I-QCIF(176x144)
I-QSIF/QQVGA(160x120)
2.2 Ubunzulu bombala (inani lamasuntswana ombala):
256 umbala ongwevu isikali, 256 iintlobo ngwevu (kubandakanywa abamnyama nabamhlophe).
15 okanye 16-bit umbala (umbala ophezulu): 65,536 imibala.
Umbala we-24-bit (umbala wokwenyani): Umbala ngamnye ophambili unamanqanaba angama-256, kwaye ukudibanisa kwawo kunemibala engama-256 * 256 * 256.
Umbala we-32-bit: Ukongeza kumbala we-24-bit, iibhithi ezi-8 ezongezelelweyo zisetyenziselwa ukugcina idatha yegrafiki yomaleko odlulanayo (itshaneli yealpha).
2.3 Ukwandisa ukukhanya kunye nokusondeza idijithali:
Usondezo lwe-Optical: Sondeza ngaphakathi/ngaphandle kwento ofuna ukuyidubula ngokulungelelanisa ilens.Igcina ii-pixels kunye nomgangatho womfanekiso ungatshintshanga, kodwa unokuthatha umfanekiso ofanelekileyo.I-zoom yedijithali: Akukho kwandisa ngokwenene.Ithatha nje kumfanekiso wokuqala kwaye yandisile. Okubonayo kwiscreen seLCD kwandisiwe, kodwa umgangatho womfanekiso awuphucukanga kakhulu, kwaye iipixels zingaphantsi kobona bukhulu beepixels ezinokudubula ikhamera yakho.Umgangatho wesithombe awufanelekanga, kodwa unokubonelela ngokulula.
2.4 Indlela yocinezelo lomfanekiso:
JPEG/M-JPEG
H.261/H.263
MPEG
H.264
2.5 Ingxolo yomfanekiso:
Ibhekisa kwingxolo kunye nokuphazamiseka emfanekisweni kwaye ibonakala njengengxolo yombala osisigxina kumfanekiso.
2.6 Ibhalansi emhlophe ezenzekelayo:
Ukubeka ngokulula: ukubuyiselwa kwezinto ezimhlophe ngekhamera.Iingcamango ezinxulumeneyo: ukushisa kombala.
2.7 I-engile yokujonga:
Inomgaqo ofanayo nokucinga kweliso lomntu, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-imaging range.
2.8 Ujoliso oluzenzekelayo:
I-Autofocus inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amabini: enye i-autofocus esekelwe kumgama phakathi kwe-lens kunye nesihloko, kwaye enye i-focus yokufumanisa i-autofocus esekelwe kwi-imaging ecacileyo kwisikrini sokugxila (i-algorithm ebukhali).
Qaphela: Usondezo kukusondeza izinto ezikude.Ugxininiso kukwenza umfanekiso ucace.
2.9 Ukuvezwa okuzenzekelayo kunye neGamma:
Kukudityaniswa kwe-aperture kunye ne-shutter.Indawo yokuvula, isantya sesivalo, ISO.I-Gamma ligophe lokuphendula leliso lomntu ekukhanyeni.
III.Esinye isakhiwo sekhamera